In an age where medical advancements have rendered many once-deadly diseases a concern of the past, measles outbreaks serve as stark reminders of vulnerability in public health. Despite the availability of highly effective vaccines, this highly contagious virus has resurfaced, challenging our healthcare infrastructures and prompting a reevaluation of our collective immunity strategies. 

This resurgence underscores not only the virulence of the measles virus but also the critical importance of vaccination and robust public health strategies to safeguard communities against what many assumed was a conquered foe. As we navigate this latest outbreak, understanding the dynamics of measles transmission, the critical role of vaccines, and the protective measures necessary to curb its spread is more crucial than ever.

Recent Measles Outbreak in the US

The recent measles outbreak primarily affecting Texas and New Mexico is stirring public health concerns across the nation. As of early March 7, 2025, according to the CDC, over 200 confirmed cases have been reported — with Texas bearing the brunt with 198 cases and New Mexico reporting 10. This resurgence marks a significant uptick in measles activity, which public health officials are closely monitoring due to the virus’s highly contagious nature.

Historically, measles had been largely contained in the United States, thanks to widespread vaccination efforts. However, the CDC has noted a troubling decline in vaccination rates, exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic, leading to sporadic outbreaks. This year alone, measles cases have surfaced in twelve U.S. jurisdictions, including major states like California, Florida, and New York, with a majority of the cases stemming from New Mexico and Texas. These cases are primarily among children who had not received the MMR vaccine.

The CDC’s response to the outbreak emphasizes the critical role of the MMR vaccination, especially with the approaching travel season, which could potentially accelerate the spread of the virus. Despite a robust U.S. immunization program that maintains a generally low risk for widespread measles transmission, the recent cases serve as a stark reminder of the disease’s persistence and the need for vigilance in vaccination practices.

How Dangerous Is Measles?

Measles is not just a minor childhood illness but a highly contagious respiratory disease that poses significant health risks. The virus responsible for measles is among the most contagious known to humankind and is primarily spread through the air when an infected person coughs or sneezes. Remarkably, measles can linger in the air or on surfaces for up to two hours, and an infected person can transmit the virus to others four days before and after the rash appears, amplifying the potential for outbreaks.

The initial symptoms of measles, such as high fever, cough, runny nose, and red, watery eyes, can be easily mistaken for those of a common cold. However, the disease’s severity escalates with the appearance of a characteristic rash, which spreads over the body, and the potential spike of fever over 104 degrees Fahrenheit.

One of the most alarming aspects of measles is its rate of infectivity. Research indicates that a single person with measles can infect up to 15 other non-immune individuals, making it more contagious than many other common viruses. The potential for widespread transmission is especially concerning in communities with low vaccination rates.

Complications from measles are both common and severe, particularly in children under five and adults over twenty. These complications can range from ear infections and diarrhea to more severe conditions such as pneumonia, which is the most common cause of death associated with measles. 

About one in 1,000 measles cases results in encephalitis, an inflammation of the brain that can lead to convulsions and leave a child deaf or with an intellectual disability. Even more dire, measles can be fatal in approximately 1 in 1,000 cases.

The risks extend beyond the immediate effects of the virus. Measles can suppress the immune system for weeks to months, increasing susceptibility to other infections. In rare cases, it can lead to a fatal disease of the nervous system called subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE), which can occur years after the initial measles infection.

Who Are the Most at Risk for Measles?

Measles indiscriminately affects individuals of all ages, but certain groups are particularly vulnerable to severe cases and complications. Understanding these risk groups is crucial for targeted prevention and intervention strategies.

Children under five years of age are at the highest risk of measles complications. This age group is particularly susceptible to severe consequences like pneumonia, the leading cause of measles-related death among young children. Additionally, children under five are more likely to suffer from acute encephalitis, which can lead to permanent brain damage.

Adults older than 20 years also face a heightened risk of severe measles and its complications. Unlike children, adults may have waning immunity or may never have been vaccinated, especially in populations where vaccine coverage has historically been low. They are more likely to develop severe pneumonia and have a higher overall mortality rate from measles than children.

Pregnant women who contract measles are at risk of premature delivery, miscarriage, and low-birth-weight babies. The health implications extend to both the mother and the unborn child, making prevention through vaccination critically important for women of childbearing age.

People with weakened immune systems, such as those with leukemia, HIV infection, or those receiving immunosuppressive treatments, are exceedingly vulnerable to measles. These individuals are less likely to mount an adequate response to the virus and more likely to develop severe and potentially life-threatening complications. The risk of pneumonia and encephalitis is significantly increased in this group, and these conditions are more likely to be fatal.

Given these risks, it is vital that public health measures focus on protecting these groups through high vaccination rates and prompt outbreak response. Vaccination not only protects individuals who receive the vaccine but also contributes to broader community immunity, which can prevent the spread of measles to those who are most at risk.

Can You Prevent Measles? Why Getting Vaccinated Is a Lifesaver

Vaccination is one of the most impactful public health interventions in history, significantly reducing, and in some cases eliminating, diseases that once claimed millions of lives. Here’s why getting the MMR vaccine is crucial:

1. Proven Track Record of Success: Before the measles vaccine was introduced in 1963, nearly 3 to 4 million people in the US contracted measles each year. Of those, approximately 48,000 were hospitalized, 1,000 suffered from encephalitis (swelling of the brain), and 400 to 500 died. Post-vaccination, these numbers plummeted dramatically, showcasing the vaccine’s effectiveness in controlling and nearly eliminating the disease.

2. Historical Evidence of Eradication Efforts: The World Health Organization (WHO) and the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) declared measles eliminated from the Americas in 2016 due to widespread vaccination efforts. This achievement demonstrates that with high vaccination coverage, measles can be kept at bay and potentially eradicated.

3. Economic Impact and Healthcare Savings: According to a CDC study, childhood immunization programs in the US have prevented about 508 million illnesses, 32 million hospitalizations, and over 1.1 million deaths over the past 20 years, with net savings of $540 billion in direct costs and $2.7 trillion in total societal costs. Measles vaccination accounts for a significant part of these savings, highlighting its role in reducing healthcare expenditure.

4. Global Health Security: Measles outbreaks are a key indicator of global health security vulnerabilities. In 2019, the US nearly lost its measles elimination status due to the lowest vaccination rates in decades, leading to the largest outbreak since 1992. Maintaining high vaccination rates is essential to prevent such vulnerabilities and protect public health.

5. Protection Against Complications: Measles is not just a rash and fever; it can lead to severe complications, particularly in young children and immunocompromised individuals. About one in every 20 children with measles develops pneumonia, the most common cause of death from measles. Vaccination drastically reduces the risk of these complications.

6. Long-Term Community Health Benefits: Achieving and maintaining high vaccination rates contributes to herd immunity, protecting those who cannot be vaccinated, such as infants and those with certain medical conditions. This collective protection is crucial in preventing outbreaks and ensuring the health of the community.

My Personal RX on Strengthening Defense Against Measles

Crafting robust defenses against measles involves integrating proactive health strategies that extend beyond vaccination. While immunization forms the bedrock of disease prevention, maintaining optimal immune function through lifestyle choices plays a crucial role. This approach not only shields individuals but also fortifies community health against potential outbreaks. 

1. Prioritize Vaccination: The most effective way to prevent measles is through vaccination. Ensure you and your family are up to date with the measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine, as recommended by health authorities.
2. Boost Immune Function: Enhance your body’s natural defense mechanisms against viruses like measles with Immune Support supplements. These often contain key nutrients like vitamins C and D, zinc, and elderberry, which are crucial for maintaining a robust immune response.
3. Support Gut Health for Improved Immunity: A healthy gut microbiome plays a critical role in overall immune function. MindBiotic can help maintain a balanced gut environment, supporting the immune system’s ability to combat infections, including measles.
4. Incorporate Nutrient-Rich Foods in Your Meals: Eating a diet rich in vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants is crucial for immune health. The “Healthy Gut Cookbook” provides recipes that focus on whole foods that are beneficial for gut health and, consequently, immune strength.
5. Practice Good Hygiene: Regular handwashing, especially before eating and after using the restroom or being in public places, can help reduce the spread of viruses. Teach children the importance of hand hygiene from an early age.
6. Stay Informed About Local Outbreaks: Keeping up-to-date with local health news can alert you to nearby measles outbreaks, allowing you to take additional precautions if necessary.
7. Maintain a Healthy Lifestyle: Regular exercise, adequate sleep, and stress management all contribute to a healthy immune system. Make these practices a regular part of your lifestyle to help your body fight off infections.
8. Avoid Contact with Infected Individuals: Measles is highly contagious. If there is an outbreak in your area, avoid contact with individuals who are known to be infected.
9. Use Protective Measures in Public Spaces: In the event of a measles outbreak, consider wearing a mask and avoiding crowded places to minimize your risk of exposure.
10. Educate Others About Prevention: Sharing accurate information about measles prevention, particularly the importance of vaccination and immune health, can help reduce the spread of this disease.

Sources:

1. Health Alert Network (HAN) – 00522 | Expanding measles outbreak in the United States and guidance for the upcoming travel season. (n.d.). https://www.cdc.gov/han/2025/han00522.html 
2. History of measles. (2024, May 9). Measles (Rubeola). https://www.cdc.gov/measles/about/history.html 
3. Region of the Americas is declared free of measles. (2016, September 27). PAHO/WHO | Pan American Health Organization. https://www.paho.org/en/news/27-9-2016-region-americas-declared-free-measles
4. Zhou F, Jatlaoui TC, Leidner AJ, et al. Health and Economic Benefits of Routine Childhood Immunizations in the Era of the Vaccines for Children Program — United States, 1994–2023. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2024;73:682–685. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.mm7331a2. 
5. Global measles outbreaks. (2025, February 13). Global Measles Vaccination. https://www.cdc.gov/global-measles-vaccination/data-research/global-measles-outbreaks/index.html