Poor School Nutrition May Have Caused 20 cm Height Gap Across Nations

You are what you eat – or so the saying goes. But does that include how tall you become? Even though your genes play a big part in how tall you are, researchers say poor nutrition during school years may have caused a 20cm height gap between countries. (1) 

The study by the Imperial College London analyzed 65 million children between the ages of 5 and 19 across 193 countries. The results revealed height and weight as health indicators and quality of diet. The outcomes varied significantly. (2)

Researchers noted that the average height of a 19-year-old girl in Guatemala and Bangladesh – nations with the shortest girls – is the same as an 11-year-old girl in the Netherlands – the tallest girl. 

Similarly, the average height of a 19-year-old boy in Laos and Timor-Leste – the countries with the shortest boys – is the same as a 13-year-old boy in the Netherlands – the tallest boy.

Nutrition, Health, And Height

About 60-80 percent of a person’s height is determined by genetic factors, whereas 20-40 percent can be attributed to environmental effects, mainly nutrition. (3) 

While genetic factors may be out of our control, good diet and nutrition are essential in maintaining well-being. A protein-rich diet can play a critical role in bone health and tissue repair, while the process of bone formation requires a continual intake of other nutrients, such as calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, and vitamin D. (4) 

Research has also shown that an intake of probiotics may increase growth rates in children. (5) 

Poor Nutrition Making Kids Shorter

The results of the London study noted a lack of good quality sustenance in childhood nutrition. It may hinder growth levels and lead to obesity, thus affecting a child’s health and well-being.

Unsurprisingly, countries with higher poverty levels had the shortest children, including some African nations, where height measurements stagnated or were reduced when collected data. 

The largest improvements were recorded in emerging economies such as South Korea, China, and parts of Southeast Asia. (2)

Body Mass Index (BMI)

The international researchers also studied children’s Body Mass Index (BMI), which measures whether a person has a healthy weight to height ratio. The analysis found 19 year-olds from the USA, Pacific Islands, Middle East, and New Zealand had the highest BMI, while India and Bangladesh were amongst the lowest. 

The lightest and heaviest BMIs were about 9 units of BMI apart in the study (equivalent to around 25 kg of weight). The results also showed children up to five years had a healthy BMI range. However, once school-age was reached, children in some countries gained too much weight against the level of height needed for healthy growth potential. The most important reason for this was a lack of adequate and healthy nutrition. 

The availability of nutritious foods will help children grow taller without gaining excessive weight for their height, producing lifelong benefits for their health and well-being. (6)

As this research shows – You are what you eat!

Sources:

1. https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/understanding/traits/height/#:~:text=Scientists%20estimate%20that%20about%2080,height%20are%20only%20partially%20understood
2. https://imperialcollegelondon.app.box.com/s/abcq9j9kizbsu815k6qx0220p2vs5fhh
3. https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/how-much-of-human-height/
4. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17092827/ 
5. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5025996/
6. https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2020/11/201105183840.htm